3rd Assignment (Embedded Question, Conditional Sentences, Comparisons)

Nama : Erlin Novianty

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Mata Kuliah : Softskill Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

3rd Assignment

(Embedded Question, Conditional Sentences, Comparisons)

After my 1st and 2nd assignment about Tenses, so now, i will make 3rd assigment about what is Embedded Question, Conditional Sentences, Comparisons, how we can use them and also give examples about it.

A.  Embedded Question

Sometimes we want to use a question as part of another question or a statement, so this is called an embedded question. We can use embedded questions as part of other questions. This is sometimes called an indirect question and is often used to be polite. We can also use embedded questions as part of statements. The embedded question is a noun clause and can be used in a similar way to a noun. For example, we can use it as the subject or the object of the main clause.

If the embedded questions is inside a statement, use a period at the end of sentences. Then, if the embedded question is inside a question, use a question mark at the end of the sentences.

Forming Embedded Questions

We use the same rules with embedded questions in statements as we do with embedded questions in indirect questions.  

1.    If there is a question word, we keep it.

2.    If there is no question word, we use ‘if’ or ‘whether’.

3.    We use normal sentence grammar (so we don’t need ‘do / does / did’).

4.    We use normal sentence word order (subject + verb, not the opposite).

5.    We use a full stop and not a question mark at the end of the sentence.   

Here are some examples of verbs that we often use with embedded questions :

-          Wonder, Example : I wonder why she went to the hospital.

-          Know, Exampe : They don’t know what they’re doing.

-          Remember, Example : We don’t remember where the build is.

-          Be sure, Example : I’m not sure when she’s going to arrive.

-          Find out, Example : Let’s find out what time the study starts.

-          Think about, Example : I’m thinking about how can i write a story well.

-          Forget, Example : I’ve forgotten where i bought this book.

 

Subject Questions

If you start with a subject question, you don’t need to change the grammar much, because it is already similar to a statement. 

-          Normal subject question : Who loves Shawn Mendes?

-          Embedded subject question : I don’t know who loves Shawn Mendes. 

Or

-          Normal subject question : What happened?

-          Embedded subject question : We are trying to find out what happened.

Embedded Questions are more polite than direct question. We use emebedded questions to : 

-          Express something you do not know

-          Ask politely for information

Embedded questions can be found WITHIN A STATEMNET

Embedded WH- Qusetions

Example :

Direct Question : Where did i put my book?

Embedded Question  : I don’t know where i put my book.

Embedded YES/NO Questions

Example :

Direct Question : Do you have a canvas?

Embedded Question  : I don’t remember if you have a canvas.

Embedded Qusetions can also be found WITHIN A MAIN QUESTION

Embedded WH- Qusetions

Example :

Direct Question : When does the teacher come?

Embedded Question  : Can you tell me when the teacher comes?

Embedded YES/NO Questions

Example :

Direct Question : Has the concert started yet?

Embedded Question  : Do you know whether the concert starts?

References :

https://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/stonebrink/ESL040/121embeddques.pdf 
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/support-files/embedded-questions.pdf 
https://juanpablovanegas.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/embedded-questions.pdf

B.  Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Complete conditional sentences contain a conditional clause (often referred to as the if-clause) and the consequence. Consider the following sentences :

-       There are four types of conditional sentences.

-    It’s important to use the correct structure for each of these different conditional sentences because they express varying meanings.

-        Pay attention to verb tense when using different conditional modes.

-       Use a comma after the if-clause when the if-clause precedes the main clause.

-      The other part where you can use words such as can, will, may, might, could and would (main clause).

1.   ZERO CONDITIONAL, is a structure used for talking about general truths -- things which always happen under certain conditions (note that most zero conditional sentences will mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if"). The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true -- scientific facts, general truths, and so on

Form

      \

Example :

-       If you press this button, the door will open.

-       If you eat too many sweets, you get fat.

2.    1st CONDITIONAL, is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future. The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future -- things which may happen.

Form 

      

Example :

-       If i have enough money, i will go to Korea

-       If he study hard, he will get the best score.

OTHER FORMS

We can also use shall instead of will with I and we in the main clause. In this structure, we can use a modal verb eg. Can, may, instead of will in the main clause. We can also use the imperative in the main clause. We can use the present perfect or present continuous instead of the present simple in the if- clause. We can also use should after if when we are less sure about a possibility. We can also begin with should when we are less sure.

Ex :

-       I’ll come back later, if you are working now.

-       If I should see Lucas, I’ll give her your message

3.     2nd CONDITIONAL, is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. The second conditional is used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future -- things which don't or won't happen.

Form

       

Example :

-       If she got up earlier, she wouldn’t be late for the exam.

-       If i found her address, i would send her a birthday invitation.

OTHER FORMS

a.     We often use were instead of was after if, especially in a more formal style.

Ex : If the weather were nice, I’d go outside.

b.    We often use If I were you, to give advice.

Ex: If I were you, I’d apply for the job.

c.     We can use the modal verbs might, could instead of would in the main clause.

Ex: If I won a lot of money, I might stop working.

4.    3rd CONDITIONAL, is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.

Form

      

Example :

-       If the weather had been nice yesterday, I would have gone to my brother house.

-       If I had studied hard, I would have passed the mathematics exam.

OTHER FORMS

We can use the modal verbs might, could instead of would in the main clause.

Ex :

-       If you had taken the exam, you might have passed it.

-       I could have repaired the bycicle if I’d had the right tools.

Refrences :

http://www.es.edu.rs/download/e_ucionica/conditional-sentences_all_types.pdf
https://www.edu.xunta.gal/centros/iesastelleiras/aulavirtual2/pluginfile.php/3734/mod_resource/content/0/teresa/conditionals/conditional_sentences.pdf

      C.    Comparisons

Comparison refers to adjectives being written in different forms to compare one, two or more nouns which are words describing persons, places and things. There are three different forms of comparison are the positive, the comparative and the superlative.

  

       1.        Positive

The positive is the form of the adjective that describes one noun or to compares two things that are equal..

Pattern :

Sub + to be + as + adj + as +object

Sub + verb + as + adv + as + object

Example :

-       My book is as interesting as yours

-       His car runs as fast as a race car

-       His house is as big as her house

 

  2.        Comparative

We use comparative adjectives to compare two people, animals or things. Most comparative forms of the adjective are formed by adding er to the positive form of the adjective

The Pattern for 1 syllable

Sub + to be + adj + er + than + obj

Sub + verb + adv + er + than + obj

Example :   

-       Today is hotter than 2 days ago

-       Jungkook is taller than Jimin in BTS

More than TWO syllable

Pattern :

Sub + to be + more + adj + than+ obj

Sub + verb + more + adv + than+ obj

Example :

-       This red dress is more beautiful than the blue

-       Nadia speaks Korean more fluently than me 

       3.        Superlative

We use superlative adjectives to compare more than two people, animals or things. Most superlative forms of the adjective are formed by adding est to the positive form of the adjective.

The pattern for ONE syllable

Patern :

Sub + to be + the + adj + est + obj

Sub + verb + the + adv + est + obj

Example :

-       Bermuda Triangle is the scariest place in the world

-      BTS is the best Korean Boy Group

    

More than TWO syllable

Pattern :

Sub + to be + the most + adj + obj

Sub + verb + the most + adv + obj

Example : 

-   Chanyeol is the most popular member in EXO

-   Brazil is the largest country in South America

References :

http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/files/comparision_degree-efl.pdf

http://www.edu.xunta.gal/centros/iesblancoamorculleredo/system/files/COMPARATIVE+AND+SUPERLATIVE.pdf