TENSES (1ST ASSIGNMENT)

            Nama : Erlin Novianty

            Kelas : 4KA33

            NPM : 1C114791

            Mata Kuliah : Softskill Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

TENSES (1ST ASSIGNMENT)

Grammar and Tense is the key of studying and understanding english well. In grammar, tense is a category that express time reference with reference to the moment of speaking. Tense are usually manifested by the use of specific forms of verbs, particularly in their conjugation patterns. Basicly, tense found in many languages include the past, present and the future. So below, i just want to explain 4 kind of tenses.

A. Simple Present Tense

It is used to denote scientific facts, universal truths and work done on daily basis.

We use the simple present tense when:

• The action is general 
• The action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future (on Sundays/Monday, everyday/week/month, on and of, usually, ever, never, always, sometimes, etc)
• The action is not only happening now 
• The statement is always true

Form :

•  ASSERTIVE RULE : sub + V1 + s/es + object 
• NEGATIVE RULE : sub + Do not/Does not+ v1 + s/es + object
• INTERROGATIVE RULE : Do/Does + sub + v1 + s/es + object + (?)

Example :

(+) I study english everyday

(-)  She doesn’t consult with her lecture on Wednesday

(?)  Do they make a program in a course ?

      B. Present Continous Tense  / Progressive

We often use the present continuous tense in English. It is very different from the simple present tense, both in structure and in use. It is used to express an action taking place at the time of speaking.

We use the present continuous tense to talk about:

• Action happening now 
• Action in the future

Form :

• ASSERTIVE RULE : sub + is/am/are + v1 + ing + object
• NEGATIVE RULE : sub + is/am/are + not + v1 + ing + object
• INTERROGATIVE RULE : is/am/are + sub + v1 + ing + object + (?) 
• INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE RULE : is/am/are + sub + not + v1 + ing + object + (?)

Example : 

(+) I’m trying to finish my homework

(-)  She is playing a guitar in living room

(?) Are they searching the answer of the task?

(?) Is he not driving a motorcycle? 

      C. Simple Past Tense

The simple past tense is sometimes called the preterit tense. We can use several tenses to talk about the past, but the simple past tense is the one we use most often. Used to indicate an action completed in the past. It often occurs with adverb of time. Sometimes it is used without an adverb of time. Used for past habits.

Form :

• ASSERTIVE RULE : Subject + V2 + Object
• NEGATIVE SENTENCES : Subject + didn’t + V1 + Object
• INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES : Did + Subject + V1 + Object + (?)
• INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE SENTENCES : Did + Subject + not + V1 + Object + (?)

Example :

(+) Intan went to Sydney last month

(-) Vina and Vino didn’t eat dinner yesterday

(?) Did Lucas sing well his part at ‘Boss’?

(?) Did Lee Min Ho not join the new drama?

      D. Past Continous Tense / Progressive

The past continuous tense is an important tense in English. We use it to say what we were in the middle of doing at a particular moment in the past. For negative sentences in the past continuous tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb The spelling rules for adding ing to make the past continuous tense are the same as for the present continuous tense.

Form :

• ASSERTIVE SENTENCES :  Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + Object
• NEGATIVE SENTENCES : Subject + was/were + not + ing + Object 
• INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES : Was/were + Subject + ing+ Object + (?)
• INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE SENTENCES : Was/were + Subject + not + ing+ Object + (?)

Example :

(+) Erlin was making a fanfiction at Wattpad

(-)  You were taking a bath last night

(?) Was she making a new schedule for this semester?

(?) Were they helping their teacher for check the correct answer?

Source :

-   Eastwood, John. 1994. Oxford Guide to English Grammar. Walton Street, Oxford : Oxford University Press.

-      Uchiyama, Kent. 2006. English Verb Tenses.